Patients:

Inclusion Criteria:

• For patients with a genetic condition: DNA diagnosis of fragile X syndrome, Turner Syndrome, Williams Syndrome or velo-cardio facial Syndrome
• For patients with neurodevelopmental disability: Formal diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disability with DSM-IV criterion
• Between 1-35 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

• No metal in body (e.g., braces)

Developmentally Delayed Controls:

Inclusion Criteria:

• LD not resulting from a head injury or a known genetic condition (e.g., Down's Syndrome)
• English as a native language
• Between 1-35 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

• No metal in body (e.g., braces)
• Primary cause of LD not directly associated with psychiatric disorder
• Not currently pregnant

Healthy Controls:

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any head trauma with loss of consciousness
• Drug abuse/dependence within the last six months
• Hearing or vision loss
• Untreated medical illness
• Current psychiatric disorder

What Will Subjects Do?

Participation includes a thorough cognitive assessment, a practice MRI scan session, an MRI scan, and a blood draw if the subject has a known or suspected genetic condition. The practice MRI scan (simulator session) familiarizes the subject to the MRI machine and is a useful tool in alleviating anxiety associated with the MRI experience. Subjects and their parents will also be asked to complete questionnaires about behavior and learning. Total participation time is estimated at 6 hours and can be divided into 2 or 3 sessions.

Subjects Needed:

Total Number of Subjects Needed:		180 subjects
Patients:		30 per group
Controls:
	Healthy:	30 subjects
	Developmentally Delayed:	30 subjects

If you would like to participate in this study, whether or not you think you qualify, please click the Sign Up button below, and let us know of your interest.